https://sls.tabrizu.ac.ir/ Journal of Sociology of Lifestyle (SLS) en daily 1 Tue, 21 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0330 Tue, 21 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0330 https://sls.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21559.html The aim of the research was to develop a structural model of the effect of academic procrastination and fear of school on academic decline with the mediating role of teaching quality. The present study was quantitative and its statistical population was first-year female students of Tabriz District 4 High School in the academic year 1402-1403. The statistical sample using the Cochran formula included 364 people, 254 people from public schools and 110 people from non-profit schools and the stratified random sampling method. Research tools: Academic procrastination questionnaire, fear of school questionnaire, teaching method quality questionnaire and the criterion of "quality of students' GPA" was the difference in the average score of the previous year and the current year. Quantitative data analysis was performed using Spss16 and Lisrel8.8 software. Findings: Procrastination and fear of school have a significant direct and indirect effect on the quality of students' GPA; the effect of procrastination is greater than fear of school. Teaching quality, as a mediating variable, plays a key and effective role in improving academic performance. By implementing educational interventions for procrastination, school fear, and improving teaching quality, academic decline in students can be minimized and academic progress can be witnessed. https://sls.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21561.html AbstractIn a sensitive and stressful organization like Faraja, paying attention to public sports is doubly important. However, evidence suggests that the participation rate of Faraja staff in public sports is not at a desirable level. Therefore, identifying the barriers to the participation of Faraja employees in public sports is an undeniable necessity. This research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of data collection method, which has been done using the grounded theory method. The statistical population of the study consisted of employees working in the police departments of East Azerbaijan province in 2025. Sampling was continued by purposive and theoretical method until theoretical saturation and finally 29 semi-structured interviews were conducted. Data analysis was performed in three stages: open, axial, and selective coding. The findings of the research indicate that the barriers to the participation of Faraja employees in public sports are: imbalance between work and personal life, lack of intrinsic motivation and lack of interest in sports, lack of knowledge of the benefits of sports for all, lack of organizational culture supporting sports and lack of purposeful planning for employees' sports, inadequate physical infrastructure, structural-cultural blockage in sports participation, type of specific organizational missions of Faraja, stressful work environment and stressThe extent to which managers are aware of the importance of public sport. https://sls.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_20806.html This study, using a mixed-methods approach and exploratory design, examines the impact of gender, ethnic, and livelihood structures on the participation of Zagros women in sustainable tourism development in the provinces of Kurdistan, Kermanshah, Ilam, Lorestan, Hamedan, and West Azerbaijan. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 experts and questionnaires completed by 55 tourism practitioners between the second half of 2022 and the second half of 2023. Analyses using Interpretive Structural Modeling and thematic analysis showed that gender inequality, lack of tourism infrastructure, and absence of government support are the main barriers to women’s participation. Conversely, women’s indigenous knowledge and their social capital provide empowerment opportunities. Ethnic identity in Kurdish and Lur communities plays a dual role: cultural attractions draw tourists while traditional norms impose restrictions on women. The intersectionality and sustainable livelihood theoretical frameworks offered a multilayered analysis of these factors. The findings emphasize the necessity of gender-sensitive policies, infrastructure development, and entrepreneurship training. Limitations such as small sample size and the cross-sectional nature of the study restrict generalizability; however, the proposed framework can be applied in future research on multiethnic and indigenous communities. https://sls.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_20592.html This study examines how families’ cultural and economic consumption influence the musical taste of 409 high school students in Torghabeh and Shandiz. Drawing on Bourdieu’s theory of cultural capital and Veblen’s framework of conspicuous consumption, this quantitative survey identifies four types of musical taste: protest (rap, political–social), popular (pop, romantic), traditional (Iranian folk music), and distinctive/highbrow (rock, classical). The findings indicate that families’ cultural consumption (such as purchasing books) significantly affects preferences for traditional (β = 0.225) and distinctive (β = 0.201) genres, while conspicuous spending (such as buying fashionable clothes) influences mainstream tastes, namely popular music (β = 0.160). Protest-oriented taste shows minimal responsiveness to consumption patterns, suggesting motivations rooted in subcultural or political orientations. Theoretically, by highlighting the role of families’ cultural and economic consumption in shaping adolescents’ musical preferences, this study opens a window for analyzing the crucial impact of social position on cultural taste and demonstrates that, beyond individual justifications for music choices, family background plays a substantial role in explaining musical preferences. https://sls.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_20671.html The present research aims to provide a comprehensive model of the lifestyle of young athletes to enhance their quality of life. This study specifically employs a qualitative research method with a data-driven approach. The constructivist approach of Charmaz has been utilized in this research to gain a deep and accurate understanding of social and individual phenomena, particularly in relation to the factors influencing the quality of young athletes. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 13 young athletes and experts in various fields, including sports, health, and sports psychology. These interviews were designed not only to gather structured information but also to create space for participants to freely express their experiences and perspectives. The data analysis method involved initial coding to identify key concepts, followed by focused coding for deeper analysis and identification of patterns and relationships among the concepts. Theoretical saturation was achieved when no new data emerged, and the researcher gained a comprehensive understanding of the studied phenomenon. The findings of this research indicate factors such as physical health, mental health, motivation and goal-setting, time management, balance between life and sports, and social relationships as key components in enhancing the quality of life of young athletes. https://sls.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_20672.html Lifestyle is an issue that has been raised since the second half of the twentieth century following theoretical and field changes in the field of social sciences, and today it is considered for the analysis of many social phenomena. This phenomenon has always been a challenging issue in Iran due to changes in the world of life and the life patterns arising from it, so that the phenomenon of lifestyle change and the factors affecting it has always been considered one of the issues of Iranian sociology. Numerous studies have addressed the situation of lifestyle and the factors affecting it. The present study aims to explain the causes and factors affecting changes in the lifestyle of young people using the meta-synthesis method. In this context, among the research in the field of lifestyle changes between 2011 and 2014, 19 studies were examined according to the criteria of credibility and trust under the meta-synthesis approach, and their concepts and categories were extracted. The results of the meta-synthesis of the reviewed studies show that factors such as the generation gap and the reduction of intra-generational bonds, the forced acquisition of symbolic capital, the tendency towards a legitimate ideal type, and the commodification https://sls.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_20673.html This study investigates the role of digital interventions in fostering a health-oriented lifestyle through a qualitative research approach. Employing thematic analysis, the research seeks to develop a nuanced and in-depth understanding of both social and individual dimensions associated with the use of digital technologies in promoting healthier living. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 15 subject-matter experts, allowing for both structured inquiry and the open expression of participants’ experiences and perspectives. The analytical process involved initial coding to extract core concepts, followed by focused coding to explore deeper patterns and relationships among those concepts. The process continued until theoretical saturation was reached—when no new insights emerged, indicating a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon under investigation. The findings reveal that the capacities of digital interventions encompass wearable technologies, mobile health applications, virtual and augmented reality tools, online counseling platforms, telemedicine services, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and health-oriented social networks. Identified barriers include unequal access to technology, digital illiteracy, socio-cultural resistance, economic limitations, concerns over data privacy, and inadequate policy frameworks. Suggested strategies to overcome these barriers include enhancing digital health literacy, https://sls.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_19373.html Emotional divorce indicates a marital relationship that is eroding along with the fading of intimacy between couples, which, like other social issues, is influenced by many factors. Therefore, this article seeks to identify the interventionist role of others' interference and the influence of religious beliefs on emotional divorce among the many factors affecting emotional divorce.Research method, survey and measurement tools, questionnaire, the statistical population studied, married women aged 15-45 in Tabriz city, numbering 469,573, of which 630 were selected using the Cochran formula and stratified random method as the sample size for the study.Based on the findings of the study, 0.66 of the women studied in Tabriz city are involved in emotional divorce. The results of the study also showed that there is an inverse correlation between adherence to religious beliefs and emotional divorce. The interference of others has a positive correlation with emotional divorce. The research findings indicate that the variables of adherence to religious beliefs and interference from others explain a total of 36.7 percent of the variance changes in the dependent variable of emotional divorce among women in Tabriz. Also, 0.576 of the reasons for the increase in the rate of emotional divorce are related to the interference of others and 0.186 of the reasons for the decrease in emotional divorce are due to adherence to religious beliefs. https://sls.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_20030.html The present study aimed to explore the role of professional athletes as lifestyle influencers and analyze their impact on the behavioral patterns and daily choices of their audience. This qualitative research was conducted based on Glaser's grounded theory paradigm through data collection in the form of 21 semi-structured interviews with four target groups: active social media users, professional athletes, sports marketing consultants, and experts in the field of media and sports. The data analysis process was based on the three stages of open coding (extraction of 97 initial concepts), axial coding (organization of concepts into 13 sub-categories), and selective coding (final integration into 5 main categories). The validity of the findings was ensured through data source triangulation and participant review strategies. The major categories extracted included: 1) Sports and Health-Oriented Influences (sports choices and habits, lifestyle, dietary habits), 2) Psychological and Emotional Influences (psychological behaviors, mental health, mindfulness), 3) Socio-Cultural Influences (social choices, ethical values, charitable contributions, environmental behaviors), 4) Economic and Consumerism Influences (purchasing behaviors, fashion and style), and 5) Technological Influences (use of technology, social media). The findings can assist policymakers, brands, and sports managers in optimally utilizing the influencer capacity of athletes. https://sls.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_20760.html In recent years, with the expansion of media and social networks, the standard of beauty and the social pressures associated with it have changed significantly. The purpose of this study is to examine the attitudes, feelings, and behaviors of Yazdi youth regarding physical beauty and how this concern affects their self-concept and mental health. For this reason, the present study has attempted to examine young people who are influenced by ideal images of beauty in the media and this has increased their anxiety and dissatisfaction with themselves. Using the grounded theory method, 20 young men and women from Yazd were interviewed and the findings were structured in the form of categories of dissatisfaction with one's appearance, self-confidence issues, family value-behavioral hegemony, family control, ability to work independently, regrets resulting from limitations/deprivation, family and social contexts of humiliation, attempts to purify the past, self-blame, self-care, children's unadvisableness, anti-academic tendencies, and recreational preferences. The results of this study showed that luxury and consumerism have a dual relationship. Consumerism is considered a large part of young people's lives, and many young people consume excessively and even engage in conspicuous consumption in social gatherings. https://sls.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_20808.html In multi-ethnic societies, ethnic identity plays a fundamental role in shaping the lifestyle of citizens. The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of ethnic identity on the lifestyle of Tabriz residents and to understand the interactions between traditions and modernity. The research was conducted using a documentary method and a systematic analysis of 59 domestic articles between 2014 and 2025. The findings show that ethnic lifestyle is a multilayered, symbolic, and reflective phenomenon that is institutionalized through cultural capital, identity cohesion, and symbolic distinctions. In addition to reproducing social distinctions, ethnicity provides the basis for cultural resistance to modern assimilation. Also, ethnic lifestyle is reproduced within the framework of structural inequalities such as patriarchy and religious prejudices. Ethnic support networks strengthen psychological resilience and social adaptation. The conclusion is that lifestyle in Tabriz is a complex field of cultural action, representation, and resistance, with ethnic identity affecting all its dimensions. Cultural and urban policymaking must recognize these complexities while preserving cultural diversity and fostering peaceful coexistence. https://sls.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_20850.html The present study aimed to predict marital commitment based on love styles and differentiation, with the mediating role of self-compassion in women. This correlational study included all married women in Mashhad in 2023, from whom 387 participants were selected using random cluster sampling. Data were collected using the Love Styles Questionnaire (Lee, 1986), Marital Commitment Questionnaire (Adams & Jones, 1997), Differentiation of Self Inventory (Skowron, 2000), and the Self-Compassion Scale (Neff et al., 2003). Data analysis was performed using SPSS-25 and AMOS. The results showed that romantic, friendly, realistic, and altruistic love styles, as well as differentiation, had significant direct effects on marital commitment (p<0.05). However, playful and erotic love styles showed no significant direct effects. The indirect effects of romantic, friendly, realistic, sensual, and altruistic love styles on marital commitment were significant through self-compassion, while the indirect effect of playful love was not (p>0.05). Differentiation also influenced marital commitment indirectly via self-compassion (p<0.05). The model demonstrated good fit indices, indicating the adequacy of the proposed model. These findings suggest that interventions aiming to enhance marital commitment may benefit from focusing on self-compassion, love styles, and levels of differentiation. https://sls.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_20851.html The current research seeks to investigate the effectiveness of emotion-oriented couple therapy on reducing marital turmoil and increasing life expectancy and mental health of incompatible couples. The research method in this study was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all incompatible couples who referred to the counseling center and the sampling method was in a targeted manner, from which 30 couples were selected as the research sample and were replaced in two experimental and control groups. Data collection tools included Spanier's Marital Disorder Questionnaire, Schneider et al.'s Life Expectancy Questionnaire, and Goldberg's Mental Health Questionnaire. The content of emotion-oriented couple therapy was implemented for 8 sessions of 90 minutes for the experimental group and the members of the control group were placed on the waiting list. The results showed that emotional couple therapy has significantly reduced the confusion of incompatible couples (P≤0.01). Also, the results showed that emotion-oriented couple therapy increased the life expectancy and mental health of incompatible couples (P≤0.01). In conclusion, it can be said that emotional couple therapy has been effective in reducing marital turmoil and increasing life expectancy and mental health of incompatible couples. https://sls.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_20852.html Parenting styles play a fundamental role in children’s social development, emotional regulation, and academic success, and thus addressing them is regarded as a scientific necessity. Based on this premise, the present study was designed using a survey method, aiming to examine and compare different parenting styles among families in the city of Ilam. The statistical population consisted of parents with children aged 3 to 18 years in Ilam. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS software. The findings indicate that the authoritative parenting style, with the highest rate of application, is recognized as the dominant style in this city, whereas the authoritarian style shows the lowest prevalence. At the same time, a latent profile of permissive parenting was also observed among Ilami families. Moreover, parents’ gender influenced attitudes toward the authoritative style, with fathers expressing more positive views than mothers. Middle-aged parents tended to adopt the authoritative style more frequently; however, with advancing age, the preference for this style decreased while the tendency toward the authoritarian style increased. Higher levels of education were also associated with greater inclination toward the authoritative style. https://sls.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_20868.html The relationship between belief and lifestyle is a fundamental issue in anthropology and cultural studies. This study adopts an analytical-comparative approach based on the tripartite model of human existence (cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions) to examine and compare the role of belief in Islamic and Western theoretical frameworks. In the Islamic tradition, belief is not merely a mental proposition but an existential and purpose-oriented structure that influences human life from knowledge to action. In contrast, Western theorists such as Anthony Giddens, Pierre Bourdieu, and Thorstein Veblen analyze the role of belief through concepts such as identity reflexivity, cultural habitus, and symbolic behavior. The findings indicate that in both paradigms, belief plays a fundamental role in shaping lifestyle. However, the Islamic framework—due to its revelatory foundations, ethical teleology, and the integration of reason, affection, and action—offers a more existential and guiding analysis of lifestyle. The study proposes a conceptual framework for belief-based lifestyle analysis that can contribute to theory development in Islamic human sciences. https://sls.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21032.html This study examines the lived experience of the Afghan diaspora in Iran with a phenomenological approach, focusing on lifestyle and identity changes. Over the past four decades, the extensive migration to Iran under the influence of political and security developments in Afghanistan has created profound challenges in the field of their identity and lifestyle. This study collected data until theoretical saturation through ten in-depth interviews with educated Afghan migrants using a purposeful sampling method and ensured the reliability and validity of the analysis with the methods of Berking and participatory rereading. The findings are presented in the form of four main themes: “inter-identity and cultural confusion”, which indicates a conflict among the migrants in belonging to Afghan or Iranian culture; “efforts to maintain Afghan identity”, which reflects resistance to full integration and loyalty to ethnic roots such as the Hazara identity; “partial adaptation and lifestyle redefinition” that shows the selective adoption of Iranian norms such as dress and accent; and finally, “the impact of cultural differences on social relations” that highlights cultural barriers to establishing deep relationships with Iranian society. These findings are in line with Berry’s cultural adaptation theory and Tajfel and Turner’s theory of social identity. https://sls.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21130.html This study aims to analyze the relationship between urban space security and women's lifestyles in informal settlements in Tabriz (Case Study: Ahmadabad Neighborhood). Given that urban security is a key factor influencing women's quality of life and social participation, this research examines the social, physical, and economic dimensions of urban security from the perspective of women living in this area. A qualitative research method based on inductive content analysis was employed. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with women residents and urban planning experts and analyzed using ATLAS.ti software for coding and thematic interpretation. Findings indicate that weak social surveillance, inadequate urban infrastructure, poor street lighting, and economic insecurity directly contribute to reduced social mobility, lower economic participation, and decreased presence of women in public spaces. Additionally, fear of crime, lack of safe pedestrian routes, and the absence of designated spaces for women have pushed their lifestyle towards greater isolation and reliance on enclosed environments. This study highlights the urgent need for urban policy reforms to enhance women's security, improve social surveillance, design safer pathways, and create sustainable economic opportunities. The findings suggest that improving urban security in informal settlements can significantly increase women's social engagement and overall quality of life. https://sls.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21150.html This study examines the economic agency of merchants in Tabriz and Azerbaijan from the Constitutional Movement to the reign of Reza Shah, employing the concept of embeddedness from new economic sociology. Utilizing historical-analytical methods and drawing on archival sources and prior research, the article argues that the merchants’ economic actions were not solely driven by rational self-interest but were profoundly shaped by cultural values, social norms, political structures, and social networks. Tabriz emerged as a major economic and political center during the late Qajar and early Pahlavi periods; the behavior of its merchants reflects deep connections with the era’s cultural and social milieus. The research finds that the city’s economic decline and the migration of merchants to Tehran were the consequence of a complex interaction of international, national, and regional dynamics—factors that cannot be sufficiently explained by classical or neoclassical economic theories focusing on profit maximization. By focusing on networks, values, and contextual factors, the study provides a novel framework for interpreting economic behavior in modern Iran and offers valuable insights into how historical, economic, and societal dimensions are interlinked. This perspective deepens understanding of the interplay between economy, society, and history in Iran’s modern transformation. https://sls.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21274.html The idea of ​​utopia in Iranian mythological and philosophical texts has been the answer to a set of moral, organizational and critical tendencies. The aim of the research is to conduct a comparative study of social life styles and the structure of utopia in the thought of Jamshid and Farabi in a socio-historical context. The research method is qualitative and of the type of documentary and comparative analysis, and data were collected from mythological sources and philosophical-historical texts, and the theoretical frameworks of Comte, Weber, Spencer and Marx were used. According to the findings, both models of ideal society had a common conceptual core including justice, social order and ideal leadership, but they were different in their basis and mechanism; Jamshid's society had a mythical structure based on a divine and charismatic cult; Farabi's utopia is based on philosophical and religious rationality. The society of Jamshid was a dynamic ideal but vulnerable to moral corruption, while Farabi's utopia had a solid framework but in practice lacked an institutional structure and dynamic material conditions. And that the continuity of the concept of justice in the Iranian tradition indicates a cultural-political continuum and its realization requires institutional reforms in various dimensions. https://sls.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21533.html Pictorial carpets emerged in the late Safavid period through a transformation in the nature and function of floor carpets into decorative and ornamental works. During the Qajar era, pictorial carpets were utilized not only as decorative elements but also as a new, multi-layered canvas and medium for reflecting various cultural, social, and political concepts. Given the considerable diversity in the designs of these carpets in the city of Tabriz, one of the most important production centers, a key question arises: What factors contribute to the diversity of designs and the consumption of these works? Accordingly, this study employs Jean Baudrillard's theories to analyze contemporary pictorial carpets in Tabriz and investigate the reasons for design diversity and the consumption of these carpets as artistic commodities in the postmodern era. This qualitative research collected data through library research. The findings indicate that contemporary pictorial carpets are simulated objects that have lost their authentic meaning within the endless cycle of postmodern production and consumption. In accordance with Baudrillard's theory, these works do not reflect reality but are part of a hyperreality where art has been transformed into a commodity for symbolic exchange. https://sls.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21545.html The present study was conducted with the aim of presenting and validating an effective management model to strengthen the Islamic lifestyle in secondary schools. This study is an applied-developmental study in terms of its purpose. In the qualitative part, the qualitative content analysis method and structural-interpretive modeling were used, and in the quantitative part, the partial least squares method in SmartPLS software was used. The statistical population of the quals determined that the components of "religious beliefs", "social-cultural factors" and "Islamic epistemological and value frameworks" have the most effective role in shaping the fourth level of the model. The aforementioned components provide the basis for the formulation of "educational goals and methods" and, in turn, influence the third level with their guidance and lead to "educational evaluation" and "utilization of modern education". The aforementioned components create the path to the realization of the second level, namely the components of “personal health management” and “behavior and ethics.” Ultimately, all of these interactions and surface connections lead to the realization and strengthening of the first level structure, namely the “Iranian-Islamic lifestyle” at the first level of the model, which is the goal and focal point of the entire system. https://sls.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21588.html This qualitative study explores and examines the relationship and role of cultural capital and agency, focusing on consumption of handwoven carpets as both functional and cultural goods. Data was collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews to understand how individuals interpret carpet consumption within their lifestyle in the city of Rasht. Qualitative content analysis was conducted using integrated theoretical framework drawing on the works of Pierre Bourdieu and Anthony Giddens. The research questions are as follows: What is the relationship between individuals' level of cultural capital and their consumption of carpets in the lifestyle of Rasht's residents? How do individuals' lifestyles and agency influence consumption patterns and aesthetic preferences regarding handwoven carpets among the people of Rasht? The findings indicate that handwoven carpet consumption in Rasht functions not only as utilitarian commodity but also as a symbol of cultural and class identity. Individuals with higher cultural capital tend to use handwoven carpets as distinctive element in lifestyle. On the other hand, individual agency in selecting and utilizing carpets reflects tension between nostalgic views of the past and contemporary aesthetic needs. These findings suggest that carpets in Rasht serve as a bridge between tradition and modernity, playing a role in redefining urban lifestyles. https://sls.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21625.html This study adopts a hermeneutic phenomenological approach to explore the lived experiences of women in Khorramabad with tattooing over a two-hundred-year period (1200–1400 SH). It aims to trace the semantic transformation of tattooing within the socio-cultural context of Lorestan. Historically, tattooing was a ritualistic and communal act, closely tied to protective beliefs and kinship identities. In contrast, contemporary practices reflect individual aesthetics and, at times, symbolic resistance to dominant gender norms. Data were collected through visual analysis of tattoo motifs shared by local artists on Instagram and semi-structured interviews with tattooed women. Participants were purposefully selected via an online call, and all procedures followed ethical research standards and informed consent protocols. Thematic analysis, informed by Merleau-Ponty’s theory of embodiment and feminist perspectives, reveals tattooing as a form of bodily expression—articulating suppressed emotions, challenging social expectations, and rewriting cultural memory. Traditional motifs such as pomegranates, the sun, the moon, and talismanic letters convey ritualistic and familial meanings. In contrast, modern designs emphasize individuality, pain, agency, and identity reconstruction after personal or existential crises. The findings highlight the importance of an interdisciplinary lens to understand tattooing as corporeal inscription, identity representation, and embodied memory. https://sls.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21626.html This study examines cultural consumption and lifestyle in cyberspace and their relationship with individual and social factors. Using a quantitative survey, 384 citizens over 15 years old in Zanjan were sampled via proportional cluster sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire, validated by Cronbach’s alpha and factor analysis, was employed. Data analysis revealed that cultural consumption and virtual lifestyle levels among Zanjan residents are significantly below the theoretical average. Most respondents engage in virtual cultural consumption at low to medium levels, especially in cultural participation, AI-based consumption, virtual book reading, and religious participation. However, audiovisual product consumption and following virtual cultural events showed higher averages. Regarding lifestyle, only body management was strongly influenced by cyberspace, while purchasing patterns, political activism, and social interaction remained low or medium. Correlation and structural equation modeling demonstrated a strong positive relationship between cultural consumption and virtual lifestyle (β=0.87). Individual factors such as education and employment, alongside family factors like home ownership, wealth, and household income, significantly influence these patterns. The findings highlight the complex impact of cyberspace on cultural and lifestyle transformations in Zanjan. https://sls.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21627.html The hidden curriculum plays a fundamental role in shaping students’ social behaviors in higher education institutions. Beyond the formal and written curriculum, students are continuously exposed to implicit messages embedded in teaching–learning processes, organizational structures, interpersonal interactions, and cultural norms. These messages influence students’ social behaviors, values, attitudes, and patterns of interaction in both academic and social contexts. The present study aimed to identify and synthesize the factors influencing students’ social behaviors within the framework of the hidden curriculum in higher education. To this end, a qualitative research synthesis using a thematic synthesis approach was conducted. Relevant qualitative studies published between 2010 and 2025 were systematically searched and reviewed across national and international databases. Based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 qualitative studies were selected for analysis. The findings revealed five core categories influencing students’ social behaviors: faculty-related factors, organizational and environmental factors, peer and interpersonal factors, individual student factors, and cultural and value-based factors. These categories interact dynamically and may lead to both positive outcomes, such as social responsibility, ethical awareness, and cooperation, and negative consequences, including conformity, exclusion, and the reproduction of social inequalities. https://sls.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21660.html . The study population includes contemporary Tabriz carpets produced in the last two decades, from which (the number of selected samples) samples were purposefully selected and analyzed. The research findings show that the contemporary Tabriz carpet represents the urban style of Iranian carpets, which as a cultural commodity plays a fundamental role in determining the consumption pattern of contemporary lifestyle. Tabriz carpets are formed based on traditional and indigenous principles, and any changes and innovations in their traditional structure are represented in the form of a variety of designs and motifs. In the contemporary era, the change in urban lifestyle has led to changes and evolutions in aesthetic components such as the ability to diversify the structure and space, the ability to use diverse colors, the use of a variety of motifs, including naturalistic motifs, changes in color combinations, and the evolution of the function of the carpet from everyday use to symbolic and decorative use. The conclusion of the article suggests that contemporary Tabriz carpets can be analyzed as a reflection of the aesthetic taste and consumption patterns of the contemporary urban class, not simply as a continuation of a past tradition. https://sls.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21661.html Given the demographic shifts and emerging challenges such as declining fertility rates, population aging, and transformations in family structure, population policymaking has become a strategic priority in the Islamic Republic of Iran. This study aims to analyze the conceptual structure and co-authorship network of scholarly works related to population policies and programs between 1979 and 2025. Employing a qualitative approach and thematic analysis methodology, the research utilizes MaxQDA software to code and examine documentary and scientific data, extracting frequent keywords and mapping patterns of scholarly collaboration. The findings reveal that terms such as “population,” “childbearing,” “fertility rate,” “family support policies,” “replacement level,” and “population policymaking” are among the most recurrent. The co-authorship network is predominantly centered around disciplines such as demography, sociology, statistics, and public law. Despite the presence of some interdisciplinary links, the concentration within specific academic clusters and limited engagement with executive, cultural, and economic domains are evident. The study concludes that enhancing the quality of population policy research in Iran requires expanding interdisciplinary collaboration, leveraging diverse scientific capacities, and strengthening the integration between analytical, legal, executive, and cultural spheres. https://sls.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_21675.html In a sensitive and stressful organization like Faraja, paying attention to public sports is doubly important. However, evidence suggests that the participation rate of Faraja staff in public sports is not at a desirable level. Therefore, identifying the barriers to the participation of Faraja employees in public sports is an undeniable necessity. This research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of data collection method, which has been done using the grounded theory method. The statistical population of the study consisted of employees working in the police departments of East Azerbaijan province in 2025. Sampling was continued by purposive and theoretical method until theoretical saturation and finally 29 semi-structured interviews were conducted. Data analysis was performed in three stages: open, axial, and selective coding. The findings of the research indicate that the barriers to the participation of Faraja employees in public sports are: imbalance between work and personal life, lack of intrinsic motivation and lack of interest in sports, lack of knowledge of the benefits of sports for all, lack of organizational culture supporting sports and lack of purposeful planning for employees' sports, inadequate physical infrastructure,