تأثیر خود مراقبتی بر افسردگی و کیفیت زندگی ورزشکاران در دوران بازنشستگی

صادقی, محسن; کاشف, سید محمد

تأثیر خود مراقبتی بر افسردگی و کیفیت زندگی ورزشکاران در دوران بازنشستگی

نویسندگان

¹ دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

² استاد، گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

چکیده

خود مراقبتی شامل برخورد با نیازهای اساسی انسان و حفظ فعالیت‌های مرتبط با سلامتی و حفظ زندگی است و در زندگی تمامی افراد به‌خصوص ورزشکاران بازنشسته اهمیت بالایی دارد. ازاین‌رو پژوهش حاضر که با هدف تعیین تأثیر خود مراقبتی بر افسردگی و کیفیت زندگی ورزشکاران در دوران بازنشستگی در استان آذربایجان شرقی انجام شد، یک بررسی نیمه آزمایشی با پیش‌آزمون - پس‌آزمون و گروه کنترل بود. جامعه‌ی آماری کلیه‌ی ورزشکاران بازنشسته بودند که قبل از سال 1399 ورزش حرفه‌ای خود را به اتمام رسانده بودند که از میـان آن‌هـا 50 نفـر بـه روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده (25 نفر برای گروه آزمایش و 25 نفر برای گروه شاهد) انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای مورد استفاده؛ پرسشنامه‌ی افسردگی بک و پرسشنامه‌ی کیفیت زندگی سازمان جهانی بهداشت (WHO) و پروتکل خود مراقبتی بودند که پیش و پس از اجرای روش آموزش خود مراقبتی بر روی شرکت‌کنندگان اجرا و داده‌ها از طریق آمار توصیفی (میانگین و انحراف استاندارد) و آمار استنباطی (تحلیل کوواریانس) مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافته‌های پژوهش نشـان داد که آموزش خود مراقبتی باعث افزایش کیفیت زندگی و کاهش افسردگی در ورزشکاران بازنشسته می‌شود (05/0 > P)؛ بنابراین با تشخیص به‌موقع علائم و نشانه‌هـای افسردگی و سطح کیفیت زندگی افراد، با افـزایش پیـروی از رفتارهـای خـود مراقبتی و انجـام آن مـی‌تـوان عـوارض روانـی و جسمی ناشی از افسردگی را کاهش داد و کیفیت زندگی افراد را ارتقا بخشید.
چکیده بلند:
مقدمه
با توسعه دانش در زمینه ورزش و تحقیقات انجام شده بسیاری از ورزشکاران به اهمیت خود مراقبتی در کیفیت زندگی و کاهش افسردگی پی برده‌اند لیکن در رسیدن به این‌گونه رفتارهای خود مراقبتی ورزشکاران با مشکلاتی مواجه می‌شوند و ازآنجاکه تاکنون بعد خود مراقبتی روانی- عاطفی جهت کاهش افسردگی و افزایش بهبود کیفیت زندگی ورزشکاران بازنشسته مورد بررسی قرار نگرفته است این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر رفتارهای خود مراقبتی روانی- عاطفی و با در نظر گرفتن نقش این عوامل در افزایش کیفیت زندگی و کاهش افسردگی انجام گرفته است. با توجه به شیوع زیاد افسردگی در ورزشکاران بازنشسته و مشکلات جسمی، عاطفی و اجتماعی تحمیل شده ناشی از تغییر یک بارۀ سبک زندگی ورزشکاران در دوران بازنشستگی و نیز ازآنجاکه میزان توان خود مراقبتی علی‌الخصوص خود مراقبتی روانی- عاطفی می‌تواند متأثر از فرهنگ و فضایی باشد که در آن زندگی می‌کنیم در این پژوهش به مطالعه‌ی تأثیر خود مراقبتی بر افسردگی و بهبود کیفیت زندگی ورزشکاران بازنشسته پرداخته شده است.
روش پژوهش
پژوهش حاضر، یک بررسی نیمه آزمایشی با پیش‌آزمون - پس‌آزمون و گروه کنترل بود. جامعه‌ی آماری کلیه‌ی ورزشکاران بازنشسته بودند که قبل از سال 1399 ورزش حرفه‌ای خود را به اتمام رسانده بودند که از میـان آن‌هـا 50 نفـر بـه روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده (25 نفر برای گروه آزمایش و 25 نفر برای گروه شاهد) انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای مورد استفاده؛ پرسشنامه‌ی افسردگی بک و پرسشنامه‌ی کیفیت زندگی سازمان جهانی بهداشت (WHO) و پروتکل خود مراقبتی بودند که پیش و پس از اجرای روش آموزش خود مراقبتی بر روی شرکت‌کنندگان اجرا و داده‌ها از طریق آمار توصیفی (میانگین و انحراف استاندارد) و آمار استنباطی (تحلیل کوواریانس) مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفتند.
یافته های پژوهش
نتایج به‌دست آمده نشان می‌دهد که دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل در متغیر افسردگی تفاوت دارند و این تفاوت بین دو گروه در مرحله‌ی پس‌آزمون معنادار است، درنتیجه آموزش خود مراقبتی بر میزان افسردگی ورزشکاران بازنشسته مؤثر بوده است و باعث کاهش افسردگی در گروه آزمایش شده است
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری
نتایج به‌دست آمده نشان می‌دهد که دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل در متغیر افسردگی تفاوت دارند و این تفاوت بین دو گروه در مرحله‌ی پس‌آزمون معنادار است، درنتیجه آموزش خود مراقبتی بر میزان افسردگی ورزشکاران بازنشسته مؤثر بوده است و باعث کاهش افسردگی در گروه آزمایش شده است. بنابراین با تشخیص به‌موقع علائم و نشانه‌هـای افسردگی و سطح کیفیت زندگی افراد، با افـزایش پیـروی از رفتارهـای خـود مراقبتی و انجـام آن مـی‌تـوان عـوارض روانـی و جسمی ناشی از افسردگی را کاهش داد و کیفیت زندگی افراد را ارتقا بخشید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.24237558.1399.5.2.8.6

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of self-care on depression and quality of life of athletes in retirement

نویسندگان [English]

mohsen sadeghi ¹
Seyed Mohammad Kashef ²

¹ PhD Student, Department of Sports Management, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

² Professor, Department of Sports Management, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Self-care includes addressing basic human needs and maintaining activities related to health and life preservation and is of great importance in the lives of all people, especially retired athletes. Therefore, the present study, which was conducted to determine the effect of self-care on depression and quality of life of athletes in retirement in East Azerbaijan province, was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population was all retired athletes who had completed their professional sports before 2020, from which 50 people were selected by simple random sampling (25 for the experimental group and 25 for the control group). Tools used; The Beck Depression Inventory and the World Health Organization (WHO) Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Self-Care Protocol were administered to participants before and after self-care training, and data were provided through descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance) Were analyzed. Findings showed that self-care training increases quality of life and reduces depression in retired athletes (P <0.05). Therefore, by timely detection of signs and symptoms of depression and the quality of life of individuals, by increasing self-care behaviors and doing so, it can reduce the psychological and physical effects of depression and improve the quality of life.

Long Abstract
Introduction
With the development of knowledge in the field of sports and research, many athletes have realized the importance of self-care in quality of life and reducing depression. However, athletes face difficulties in achieving such self-care behaviors, and since psycho-emotional self-care has not been studied to reduce depression and improve the quality of life of retired athletes, this study aims to investigate the effect of self-care behaviors and considers psycho-emotional and the role of these factors in increasing quality of life and reducing depression. In this study, due to the high prevalence of depression in retired athletes and the physical, emotional and social problems imposed due to a sudden change in the lifestyle of athletes during retirement and also because the level of self-care, especially psychological and emotional self-care can be influenced by the culture and atmosphere in which we live, the effect of self-care on depression and improving the quality of life of retired athletes has been studied.
Research Methods
The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population was made of all retired athletes who had completed their professional sports before 2020. Among them, 50 people were selected by simple random sampling (25 for the experimental group and 25 for the control group). The used instruments were the Beck Depression Inventory, the World Health Organization (WHO) Quality of Life Questionnaire, and the Self-Care Protocol, which were administered to participants before and after self-care training and data were analyzed through descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance).
Research Findings
The results show that the experimental and control groups are different in depression and this difference is significant between the two groups in the post-test phase. As a result, self-care training has been effective in reducing the rate of depression in retired athletes and has reduced depression in the experimental group.
Conclusion
The results show that the experimental and control groups are different in depression and this difference is significant between the two groups in the post-test phase. As a result, self-care training has been effective in reducing the rate of depression in retired athletes and has reduced depression in the experimental group. Therefore, by early detection of signs and symptoms of depression and the quality of life of individuals, it is possible to reduce the psychological and physical effects of depression and improve the quality of life by increasing and following self-care behaviors.
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کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

self-care
depression
quality of life
retired athletes

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