The effect of self-care on depression and quality of life of athletes in retirement

Authors

1 PhD Student, Department of Sports Management, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

2 Professor, Department of Sports Management, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

Abstract

Self-care includes addressing basic human needs and maintaining activities related to health and life preservation and is of great importance in the lives of all people, especially retired athletes. Therefore, the present study, which was conducted to determine the effect of self-care on depression and quality of life of athletes in retirement in East Azerbaijan province, was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population was all retired athletes who had completed their professional sports before 2020, from which 50 people were selected by simple random sampling (25 for the experimental group and 25 for the control group). Tools used; The Beck Depression Inventory and the World Health Organization (WHO) Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Self-Care Protocol were administered to participants before and after self-care training, and data were provided through descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance) Were analyzed. Findings showed that self-care training increases quality of life and reduces depression in retired athletes (P <0.05). Therefore, by timely detection of signs and symptoms of depression and the quality of life of individuals, by increasing self-care behaviors and doing so, it can reduce the psychological and physical effects of depression and improve the quality of life.
 
Long Abstract
Introduction
With the development of knowledge in the field of sports and research, many athletes have realized the importance of self-care in quality of life and reducing depression. However, athletes face difficulties in achieving such self-care behaviors, and since psycho-emotional self-care has not been studied to reduce depression and improve the quality of life of retired athletes, this study aims to investigate the effect of self-care behaviors and considers psycho-emotional and the role of these factors in increasing quality of life and reducing depression. In this study, due to the high prevalence of depression in retired athletes and the physical, emotional and social problems imposed due to a sudden change in the lifestyle of athletes during retirement and also because the level of self-care, especially psychological and emotional self-care can be influenced by the culture and atmosphere in which we live, the effect of self-care on depression and improving the quality of life of retired athletes has been studied.
Research Methods
The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population was made of all retired athletes who had completed their professional sports before 2020. Among them, 50 people were selected by simple random sampling (25 for the experimental group and 25 for the control group). The used instruments were the Beck Depression Inventory, the World Health Organization (WHO) Quality of Life Questionnaire, and the Self-Care Protocol, which were administered to participants before and after self-care training and data were analyzed through descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance).
Research Findings
The results show that the experimental and control groups are different in depression and this difference is significant between the two groups in the post-test phase. As a result, self-care training has been effective in reducing the rate of depression in retired athletes and has reduced depression in the experimental group.
Conclusion
The results show that the experimental and control groups are different in depression and this difference is significant between the two groups in the post-test phase. As a result, self-care training has been effective in reducing the rate of depression in retired athletes and has reduced depression in the experimental group. Therefore, by early detection of signs and symptoms of depression and the quality of life of individuals, it is possible to reduce the psychological and physical effects of depression and improve the quality of life by increasing and following self-care behaviors.
reference
-      Aljasem, L I. Peyrot, M. Wissow, L & Rubin, R R. (2016), The impact of barriers and self- efficacy on self-care behaviors in type II diabetes. The Diabetes Educator, 27, 393-404.
-      Connell, M. (2015), Self-care is heparin indigent patients with hearth failure, European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 23 (3), 223-30.
-      Forman, E M. Herbert, J D. Moitra, E. Yeomans, P D & Geller, P A. (2015), A randomized controlled effectiveness trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive therapy for anxiety and depression, Behavior Modification, 31 (6), 772-799.
-      Hawthone, K & TomlinSon, S. (2019), One to one teaching with picture- flash card health education for British Asians with diabetes. England, Br J Gent Pvact, 47 (418): 301 – 304.
-      Lev, L & Owen, S V. (2015), A prospective study of adjustment to hemodialysis, American nephrology nurses association 1998, 25 (5): 495-503

Keywords

References

  • Aljasem, L I. Peyrot, M. Wissow, L & Rubin, R R. (2016), The impact of barriers and self- efficacy on self-care behaviors in type II diabetes. The Diabetes Educator, 27, 393-404.
  • Asghari, Mehdi Naqibi, Seyed Abolhassan Rostami, Fereshteh. (2015), Investigating the effect of education on self-care promotion of type 2 diabetic patients covered by rural health centers in Noor city in 2014, Journal of Community Health Research, 1 (22) 22-28 [Persian].
  • Beck, Robert; Aaron T. A; Steer, Roberta Ball & William F. Ranieri. (1996), Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories-IA and-II in Psychiatric Outpatients, Journal of Personality Assessment, 67:3, 588-597, DOI: 10.1207/s15327752jpa6703_13.
  • Bohlmeijer, E T. Fledderus, M. Rokx, T & Pieterse, M E. (2011), Efficacy of an early intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with depressive symptomatology: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49 (1), 62-67.
  • Bond, F W & Bunce, D. (2013), Mediators of change in emotion-focused and problem-focused worksite stress management interventions, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 156-63.
  • cheraghi F, borzo S R, cheraghi F, maghsoudi Z. (2020), The Effect of Applying Orem Self-care Model on Quality of Life in Iranian Patients: A Systematic Review Study. 1 (2): 30-40.
  • Cohen, L M. (2013), The Health Psychology Handbook, Sage Publication INC.
  • Connell, M. (2015), Self-care is heparin indigent patients with hearth failure, European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 23 (3), 223-30.
  • Forman, E M. Herbert, J D. Moitra, E. Yeomans, P D & Geller, P A. (2015), A randomized controlled effectiveness trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive therapy for anxiety and depression, Behavior Modification, 31 (6), 772-799.
  • Gary, T L. Hill, M N. Levine, D M & Saudek, C. (2013), Randomized controlled trial of the effects of nurse case manager and community health worker interventions on risk factors for diabetesrelated complications in urban African Americans, Prev Med, 37 (1): 23-32.
  • Hawthone, K & TomlinSon, S. (2019), One to one teaching with picture- flash card health education for British Asians with diabetes. England, Br J Gent Pvact, 47 (418): 301 – 304.
  • Hayes, S C &Zettle, R D. (2016), Rule-governed behavior and sensitivity to changing consequences of responding, Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 45, 237-256.
  • Jalilian, Farhad Absolute adornment, Farideh. Solhi, Maryam. (2015), The effectiveness of the educational program on increasing self-care of patients with type 2 diabetes, Scientific Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, 20 (1): 26-34 [Persian].
  • Lev, L & Owen, S V. (2015), A prospective study of adjustment to hemodialysis, American nephrology nurses association 1998, 25 (5): 495-503.
  • Mahmoudi, Azam. (2016), Evaluation of the effect of sc self-care plan on healing of lower extremity ulcers in diabetic patients of selected hospitals in Tehran, Master Thesis in Nursing, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran [Persian].
  • Ministry of Health and Medical Education (2014), Self-care training package of the deputy of health, Health education and promotion office [Persian].
  • Morovati, M. (2007), The influence of social support on chronic illness management: A review and directions for research. Health Education and Behavior, 30, 170-195 [Persian].
  • Mozhdehi, Mohammad; Reza Etemadi, Ahmad Philosophical race, Mohammad Reza. (2011), Evaluation of therapeutic mediators and the effectiveness of self-care in reducing depressive symptoms in diabetic patients, Culture of Counseling, 2 (7), 1-31 [Persian].
  • Neyshabouri, Farzad Bloorchifard, Mahboob. (2013), The effect of group and individual training on the level of knowledge, attitude and self-care practice in patients with foot ulcers. Journal of the School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran (Hayat); 22 (59): 33-41 [Persian].
  • Orem, D. (2015), Nursing concepts of practice. 6th. Ed. St. Louis: Mosby.
  • Peterson, C L & Zettle, R D. (2009), Treating in patients with co morbid depression and Alcohol use disorders: A comparisons of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Treatment as usual, The Psychological Record, 59, 521-536.
  • PujiLestari, C U. Kanbara, S. Setyawan, A & Taniguchi, H. (2013), Comparison of social support, self-efficacy and psychological stress response between diabetes Type 2 patients in Jogjakarta, Indonesia and Kobe, Japan. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 79, SI-SI27.
  • Rakhshanderou, S. Heidarnia, A R. Rajab A. (2016), The Effect of Health Education on Quality of Life in Diabetic Patients Referring to Iran Diabetes Association, Daneshvar Med, 13 (5): 15-20 [Persian].
  • Sacco, W P & Bykowski, C A. (2011), Depression and hemoglobin A1c in type 1and type 2 diabetes: The role of self-efficacy, Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. www.elsevier.com/locate/diabres.
  • Saeedpour, Jalal Jafari, Mehdi Judge Asgar, Mahsa. Diani Dardashti, Hassan. Teymourzadeh, Ehsan (2013), The effect of self-care education on the quality of life of diabetic patients, Health Management, 16 (51), 26-37 [Persian].
  • Sajjadi, Musa; Akbari, Ali Kian Mehr, Mojtaba. Atardi, Alireza. (2011), The relationship between self-care and depression in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Knowledge horizon; Quarterly Journal of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, 14 (1); 13-19 [Persian].
  • Schreurs, K M. et al. (2013), Development, content and process evaluation of a short self-management intervention in patients with chronic disease requiring self-care behaviors, Patients Education and Counseling, 51, 133-141.
  • Shirazi, Masoumeh; Anousheh, Mohammad Rajabi, Amin. (2013). The effect of self-care program training through group discussion method on the knowledge and practice of diabetic adolescent girls referred to the Iranian Diabetes Association, Journal of Behavioral Sciences, Volume 2, Number 1; 67-73 [Persian].
  • Zareinejad, Maryam, Hosseini Al-Madani, Seyed Ali. (2020), The effect of self-care on depression and quality of life in diabetic patients in Qom, social Sciences[Persian].

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 15 October 2021
  • Revise Date: 28 January 2022
  • Accept Date: 02 February 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics