پرده برداری از چهره های پنهان: تحلیل نقاب های جامعه شناختی متجاوزان جنسی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 محمد عباس زاده، عضو گروه پژوهشی جامعه شناسی شهر و روستا، دانشگاه تبریز، ایران

2 گروه جامعه شناسی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

3 مرکز تحقیقات روانپزشکی و علوم رفتاری، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز، تبریز، ایران

10.22034/sls.2025.66293.1505

چکیده

خشونت جنسی علیه زنان پدیده‌ای جهانی است که ریشه در ساختارهای اجتماعی، فرهنگی و تاریخی جوامع دارد. این پدیده از باورهای نادرست برتری مردان و نابرابری‌های جنسیتی نشأت می‌گیرد. این نابرابری‌ها با هنجارهای اجتماعی که مردان را در جایگاه‌های بالاتر و زنان را در موقعیت‌های پایین‌تر قرار می‌دهند، تقویت می‌شوند. مطالعه کنونی با روش کیفی پدیدارشناسی به بررسی ویژگی‌های عاملان تجاوز جنسی از دید قربانیان پرداخته است.

داده‌های پژوهش حاضر از طریق مصاحبه‌های عمیق با 25 نفر از زن و مردانی که حداقل یک بار تجربه تجاوز جنسی داشته‌اند، جمع‌آوری شده است. نمونه‌گیری به روش هدفمند و با رعایت اصل اشباع نظری انجام شد. تحلیل داده‌ها موضوعاتی همچون «مردان نقابدار»، «دوستان خائن»، «فقر فرهنگی» و «عدم همخوانی ظاهر و باطن» را شناسایی کرده است که حول محور مرکزی «پشت نقاب تجاوز: رازهای پنهان» سازماندهی شده‌اند.

یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهند که تفاوت بین ظاهر و رفتار عاملان تجاوز جنسی با ماهیت واقعی آن‌ها، باعث بزه‌دیدگی قربانیان شده است. این مسئله تحت تأثیر فقر فرهنگی جامعه است که با ناآگاهی، تابوهای اجتماعی مربوط به مسائل جنسی و فقدان آموزش‌های لازم درباره حقوق بدن و مرزهای شخصی به توجیه و تکرار خشونت‌های جنسی کمک می‌کند

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

UUnveiling Hidden Faces: An Analysis of the Sociological Masks of Sexual Offenders

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Abaszadeh 1
  • masomeh kazempour 2
  • Fatemeh Ranjbar 3
1 Mohammad Abbaszadeh, Academic Member of Urban-Rural Sociology Research Group, University of Ta
2 Department of Social Science, Faculty of Law and Social Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz,Iran
3 Research center of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Sexual violence against women is a global phenomenon rooted in the social, cultural, and historical structures of different societies. This phenomenon stems from false beliefs in male superiority and gender inequalities. These inequalities are reinforced and institutionalized by social norms that place men in dominant positions and women in subordinate ones. The current study, utilizing a qualitative phenomenological approach, examines the characteristics of sexual assault perpetrators from the victims' perspectives.

The data for this research was collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 25 individuals, both women and men, who had experienced sexual assault at least once. The sampling was done purposefully and with adherence to the principle of theoretical saturation. Data analysis identified main themes such as "masked men," "betraying friends," "cultural poverty," and "the discrepancy between appearance and reality," organized around the central theme of "behind the mask of assault: hidden secrets."

The findings reveal that the difference between the appearance and behavior of sexual assault perpetrators and their true nature leads to victimization. This issue is influenced by the cultural poverty of society, where ignorance, social taboos related to sexual matters, and the lack of necessary education about bodily rights and personal boundaries contribute to the justification and repetition of sexual violence. These factors cause sexual assault to remain a "hidden secret," perpetuating the cycle of deviation and sexual violence.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Phenomenology
  • Masked Men
  • Sexual Offenders
  • Incongruence Between Form and Content
  • Cultural Poverty
Akbari, L., Kalantar Hormozi, A., & Farahbakhsh, K.(2021). Phenomenological analysis of the lived experiences of female victims of sexual harassment in Tehran city. Jiurnal of women studies, 18(4) , 127-162.doi: 10.22051/JWSPS.2021.34123.2335.(In Persian).                                                                      
Abbaszade, M.( 2012 ). validity and reliability in qualitative researches. Journal of Applied sociology, 23(1) , 19-34.(In Persian).
Ahmadi, H.(2008). Sociology of deviations.Tehran. Samt.(In Persian).
Ahmadi, S., Hamidpoor, K., Sedaghat, H., & Karami, F.(2021 ). Violence against women: the rule of patriarchal ldeology and the hegemony of male domination(case study: women in bushehr). Women in development and politics, 19(4) , 545-572.
doi: 10.22059/JWDP.2021.318773.1007961.(In Persian).
Ahmadi, H., & Garoosi, S.(2004). Socio-cultural factors and gender inequality in the family: a case study of the city of Kerman and its surrounding villages. Womens studies, 2(6) , 5-30.(In Persian).
Anvari, M.(2018). Structural Factors behind the Formation of pretense in Iran.Islam and Social Studies, 5(4) , 118-145.doi: 10.22081/JISS.2018.65946.(In Persian).
Adorno, T., & Horkheimer, M.(2010). Dialectic of Enlightenment. translated by Morad Farhadpoor and Omid Mehregan. Fourth Edition, Tehran. Gam NO.(In Persian). 
Abbey, A., Parkhill, M. R., Clinton-Sherrod, A. M., & Zawacki, T.(2007). A comparison of men who committed different types of sexual assault in a community sample. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22(12) , 1567–1580.
Basile, K. C., Smith, S. G., Liu, Y., Lowe, A., Gilmore, A. K., Khatiwada, S., & Kresnow, M.(2021). Victim and perpetrator characteristics in alcohol/drug-involved sexual violence victimization in the U.S. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 226(4) , 108839.
 Craissati, J., McClurg, G., & Browne, K.(2002). Characteristics of perpetrators of child sexual abuse who have been sexually victimized as children. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 14(3) , 225–239
Dehghani, Z., Asayesh, M., & Shahmoradi, S.(2022). Experience of types of marital sexual violence in women victims in Tehran: a qualitative study. Rooyesh-e-Ravanshenasi journal, 10(11) , 169-182.http://frooyesh.ir/article- 1 -3077-fa.html.(In Persian ).
Farrokh Vandi, A., & Parsi, F.(2017). Analysis and criticism of the culture industry in the Frankfurt school(with an emphasis on the discussions of Horkheimer and Adorno). Promotion science, 7(11) , 85-103.(In Persian).
Giménez-Salinas Framis, A., Pérez Ramírez, M., González Álvarez, J. L., & Soto, J. E.(2022). Number of participants in multiple perpetrator sexual aggressions. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 28(1) , 122–135.
Gazi Moradi, H.(2008). On the self_centeredness of Iranians. Tehran. Bakhtaran.(In Persian).
Hafhighatmanesh, E., Aghamohammdian, H., Ali Ghanbarihashem Abadi, B., & Mahram, B.(2010).  A comparative study of adult rapists’attachment styles and its domains with non rapists.Educational and psychological studies, 11(1) , 279-296.(In Persian).
Haghighat Manesh, E., Agha Mohammadian Shaer Baf, H., Ghanbari Hashem Abadi., B., & Mahram, B,(2010). Early maladaptive schemas and schema dimains in rapists. Iranian journal of psychiatry and clinical psychology, 16(2) , 145-153.(in Persian).
Kittelson, Mark.(2012). Facts about rape.translated by Sasan Vadie, Tehran. Bahman Borna.(In Persian).
Kordi, H., & Hosseini Nozari, A.(2015). Women’s experiences of sexual harassment types. Refahj, 15(57) , 7-30. http://refahj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-2161-fa-html.(In Persian).
Khani, A., & Nourbakhsh, Y.(2016 ). A critical perspective of Georg Simmel’s views on religion the ratio between religion and religiosity in Georg Simmel’s formal sociology. Journal of Iranian social development studies, 8(2) , 35-48.(In Persian).
Molaverdi, Sh.(2007). Autopsy of violence against women. Tehran. Hogogdan.(In Persian).
Mahdie, A., Hemmati, R., & Vedadhir, A.(2016). Academic socialization process of doctoral students in university of Isfahan. Research and planning in higher education, 22(1) , 45-73.(In Persian).
Motaghi Dastenaei, B., Reisi, Z., & Asefi, F., Poorbakhtiar. M.(2013). Prevalence of depression among women complaining of rape in Tehran. Journal of Gorgan university of medical sciences autumn, 18(3) , 118-121.(In Persian).
Mason, F.(2013). Psychological consequences of sexual assault. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 27(1) , 27–37.
Moeini, A., & Merati, E.(2015). Development method of organizational architecture framework: Interpretive phenomenological study. Information technology management, 7(1) , 143-162.(In Persian).
Najjar Nahavandi, M., & Ahangar Salabati, A.(2010). Sociological investigation of women’s sense of sexual security. Iranian journal of social problems  , 1(3) , 167-177.(In Persian).
Panahi, M.(2015). Cultural development is a necessity for economic social and political development. Welfore and social development planning, 6(22) , 1-23.(In Persian).
Parhizkar, M., & Etemadiuan, S.(2017). Experiences of transformational leaders with an entrepreneurial and innovative performance customs(with a descriptive phenomenological approach of Colaizzi). Quarterly Journal of organizational behavior studies, 7(1) , 1-29.(In Persian).
Rezvani, S., Mahdavipoor, A., & Monib, A.(2020). Sexual violence against women in Iran and Afghanistan legal system: from sexual harassment to rape. Legal research, 23(91) , 351-375.(In Persian).
Rahiminejad, I.(2015). Criminology. Tehran. Forozesh.(In Persian)
Ritzer, G.(2017). Sociological theory.translated by Hoshang Nauebi, Tehran. Publication Ney.(In Persian).
Ramazan Nargesi, R.(2004). Rape and victimization of women. Women’s book quarterly,(2) , 1-56.(In Persian).
Robatjazi, M., Simbar, M., Nahidi, F., Gharedaghi, J., Emamhadi, M., Vedadhir, A., & Jafary, A.(2015). Using of the colposcopy in hymen examination. Iran j forensic med, 22(1) , 23-30.(In Persian).
Rivera, D., & Jeglic, E. L.(2020). Exploring the relationship between anger, aggression, and perpetrator substance use in the commission of sexual offenses. Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice, 20(1) , 12–29.
Sigurdsson, J. F., Gudjonsson, G. H., Asgeirsdottir, B. B., & Sigfusdottir, I. D.(2010). Sexually abusive youth: What are the background factors that distinguish them from other youth? Psychology, Crime & Law, 16(4) , 289–303.
Smallbone, S. W., & Dadds, M. R.(2001). Further evidence for a relationship between attachment insecurity and coercive sexual behavior in nonoffenders. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 16(1) , 22–35.
Sotode, H.(2005). Social pathology. Tehran. Avaue noor.(In Persian)
Seddig Servestani, R.(2011). Social pathology. Tehran. Samt.(In Persian).
Seddig Mohammadi, M., Ganji, M., & Ahmadi, U.(2019). Explaining the situation of structural violence in Sanandaj city. Iranian journal of social studies, 13(1) , 108-132.(In Persian).
Wegner, R., Pierce, J., & Abbey, A.(2014). Relationship type and sexual precedence: Their associations with characteristics of sexual assault perpetrators and incidents. Violence Against Women, 20(11) , 1360–1382
Zeraatpishe, R., Shiri, A., Najafi Abrandabadi, A., & Mahmoudijanaki, F.(2020). Gender stereotypes affecting rape in the components of Iranian culture. Criminal law research, 9(32) , 151-177.https:// doi.org/10.22054/jclr.2020.45292.1982.(in Persian).
Zeraatpishe, R., & Shiri Varnamkhasti, A.(2022 ). Criminological analysis of misconceptions about perpeteators and victims of rape in the light of cultural theory. Legal studies, 14(2) , 435-458.(In Persian).
Zomer Locatelli, T., Garcia da Silva Vieira, G., Rubia Lindner, S., Warmling, D., Bolsoni, C., & Berger Salema Coelho, E.(2023). Characteristics of men and women authors of sexual violence: A scoping review. Health Sciences, 12(4) , 2525–3409