نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری جامعهشناسی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار گروه جامعهشناسی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 استادیار گروه جامعهشناسی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Aging in midlife, as one of the important stages of life, is accompanied by numerous physical, psychological, and social changes that can affect the quality of shared life. This research aims to explore the lived experiences of women regarding the challenges of shared life in midlife. The research method is qualitative, employing a phenomenological approach. The statistical population consisted of middle-aged women who had visited consulting centers in Tehran. Sampling was conducted purposefully, and semi-structured interviews were held with 14 of these women. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed using the Mustakas method. The findings of the research indicate that psychological and individual challenges (identity changes and midlife crisis, feelings of emptiness or reduced meaning in shared life, anxiety from aging and reduced physical attractiveness, experiencing empty nest syndrome, routine and lack of variety), communication and emotional problems, sexual issues, changes in family roles (changes in motherhood roles, the responsibility of caring for elderly parents and pressures from children's marriages), economic pressures, restrictive cultural norms, and the negative impacts of technology and virtual space are key factors threatening the stability of married life during this period, leading to gray divorce among them.
کلیدواژهها [English]
نویسندگان از همه مصاحبهشوندگان که با اختصاص وقت و ارائه اطاعات ارزشمند در این پژوهش مشارکت داشتهاند، صمیمانه قدردانی میکنند.
References
Abbaszadeh, M., Adlipour, S., Alizadeh Aghdam, M. B., & Aghayari Hir, T. (2019). The attitudes toward extramarital relations and some of its related factors among families of Tabriz. Journal of Research and Health, 9(6), 496-504. Doi:10.32598/jrh.9.6.496
Ahadi, H., Abdollahi, A., Tajeri, B., & HajiAlizadeh, K. (2021). Developing a conceptual model of the factors forming divorce in the first five years of life: a grounded theory study. Journal of Psychological Science, 20(97), 1-11. http://psychologicalscience.ir/article-1-976-fa.html. [In Persian].
Ayisi, D. N., & Krisztina, T. (2022). Gender roles and gender differences dilemma: an overview of social and biological theories. Journal of Gender, Culture and Society, 2(1), 51-56. DOI:10.32996/jgcs.2022.2.1.5
Brown, S. L., & Lin, I. F. (2012). The gray divorce revolution: Rising divorce among middle-aged and older adults, 1990–2010. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 67(6), 731-741. Doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbs089
Brown, S. L., & Lin, I. F. (2022). The graying of divorce: A half century of change. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 77(9), 1710-1720. Doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbac057
Cassinat, J. R., Whiteman, S. D., Serang, S., Dotterer, A. M., Mustillo, S. A., Maggs, J. L., & Kelly, B. C. (2021). Changes in family chaos and family relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from a longitudinal study. Developmental psychology, 57(10), 1597. Doi.org/10.1037/dev0001217
Crowley, J. E. (2019). Does everything fall apart? Life assessments following a gray divorce. Journal of Family Issues, 40(11), 1438-1461. Doi.org/10.1177/0192513X19839735
Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.). (2011). The Sage handbook of qualitative research. sage.
Ghasemi, V. and Adlipour, S. (2014). Sociological Explanation of Digital Division Situation among Isfahan University Students. Sociological Cultural Studies, 4(4), 139-163. https://socialstudy.ihcs.ac.ir/article_1217.html?lang=en
Gordon, J. R., & Whelan-Berry, K. S. (2005). Women at midlife: changes, challenges and contributions. In Supporting women’s career advancement. Edward Elgar Publishing. Doi.org/10.4337/9781845423452.00014
Henry, C. S., & Harrist, A. W. (2022). Family resilience theory. In Sourcebook of family theories and methodologies: A dynamic approach (pp. 65-91). Cham: Springer International Publishing. Doi.org/10.2190/EF1G-PNXF-J1VQ-6M72
Henry, G. R. Miller, B. R. Giarrusso, R. (2005). Difficulties, disagreements, and disappointments in LATE-LIFE marriages. Journal of Aging and Human development, 61(3) 243-264.
Infurna, F. J., Gerstorf, D., & Lachman, M. E. (2020). Midlife in the 2020s: Opportunities and challenges. American Psychologist, 75(4), 470.
Keshavarz, K. (2018). The Problem of Balancing between Family Life and self –realization among Iranian Married Women. Cultural Studies & Communication, 14(50), 85-111. https://www.jcsc.ir/article_31489.html?lang=en
Knaack, P. (1984). Phenomenological research. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 6(1), 107-114. Doi.org/10.1177/019394598400600108
Lin, I. F., & Brown, S. L. (2021). The economic consequences of gray divorce for women and men. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 76(10), 2073-2085. Doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa157
Maree, J. G. (2022). The psychosocial development theory of Erik Erikson: critical overview. The influence of theorists and pioneers on early childhood education, London: Routledge.
Mirhossieni Z. (2021). Qualitative Evaluation of Women’s Problems and Life Challenges during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Social Problems of Iran. 12(1), 197-219. doi:10.52547/jspi.12.1.197
Obilor, E. I. (2023). Convenience and purposive sampling techniques: Are they the same. International Journal of Innovative Social & Science Education Research, 11(1), 1-7. DOI:10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11
Park, S. (2023). The Gray Divorce Revolution in Korea. Contexts, 22(4), 64-66. Doi.org/10.1177/15365042231210832
Phillips-Pula, L., Strunk, J., & Pickler, R. H. (2011). Understanding phenomenological approaches to data analysis. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 25(1), 67-71. Doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2010.09.004
Rezaei, S. , Khodabakhsh pirkalani, R. and khosravi, Z. (2025). Understanding the Causes of Gray Divorce: A Grounded Theory Study. Social Psychology Research, 14(56), 97-110. Doi: 10.22034/spr.2024.468666.1968 [In Persian].
Stafford, L., & Kuiper, K. (2021). Social exchange theories: Calculating the rewards and costs of personal relationships. In Engaging theories in interpersonal communication (pp. 379-390). London: Routledge.
Taziki, Z., Choobforoushzadeh, A., & Rezapour, Y. (2024). The Mediating Role of Marital Intimacy in Relation with Midlife Crisis with a Tendency toward Infidelity in Middle-Aged Men. Journal of Counseling Research. 23(90), 116-141. http://irancounseling.ir/journal/article-1-1950-fa.html .[In Persian].
Thomas, A. J., Mitchell, E. S., & Woods, N. F. (2018). The challenges of midlife women: themes from the Seattle midlife women’s health study. Women's Midlife health, 4, 1-10. Doi.org/10.1186/s40695-018-0039-9
)