بررسی عوامل بازدارندۀ مشارکت ورزشی دختران مقطع دبیرستان (مورد مطالعه: شهرستان‌های جنوب استان آذربایجان شرقی)

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

2 کارشناسی ارشد ، گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

3 کارشناس ارشد، گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه پیام نور، واحد شهر ری، ری، ایران

چکیده

هدف پژوهش: تعیین موانع مشارکت ورزشی دانش ­آموزان دختر مقطع متوسطه­.
روش­ شناسی: پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف، کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت، از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی- پیمایشی است. جامعۀ آماری، کلیۀ دختران مقطع دبیرستان شهرستان‌های جنوب استان آذربایجان شرقی (4782 نفر) می ­باشد. حجم نمونۀ آماری با استفاده از فرمول کوکران برابر 381 نفر برآورد شد. ابزار گردآوری داده­ها، مطالعات کتابخانه ­ای و پرسشنامه­ است. پرسشنامۀ مورد استفاده شامل دو بخش می ­باشد. بخش اول، اطلاعات جمعیت شناختی و بخش دوم، پرسشنامۀ استاندارد مشارکت ورزشی دانش ­آموزان دیهیم (1390)،می ­باشد. تجزیه ­و­تحلیل داده ­ها با استفاده از نرم ­افزار Spss21 برای آمار توصیفی و استنباطی به عمل آمد. در بخش آمار توصیفی به تجزیه ­و­تحلیل داده ­ها­ی ­جمعیت ­­شناختی، در بخش آمار استنباطی از آزمون­­ کلموگروف-اسمیرنوف جهت مشخص کردن نرمال بودن جامعۀ آماری و از آزمون­ تی تک ­نمونه­ای برای آزمون فرضیه ­ها و نیز آزمون فریدمن جهت اولویت­ بندی عوامل استفاده شد.
یافته­ ها: نتایج حاصل از آمار استنباطی نشان داد، عوامل اقتصادی، عوامل اجتماعی- فرهنگی، عوامل جسمانی و عوامل روانی در مشارکت دانش ­آموزان دختر در فعالیت­ های ورزشی تأثیر دارد و عوامل اقتصادی از بیشترین اهمیت برخوردار است.
تیجه ­گیری: دختران با عوامل بازدارندۀ متعددی برای مشارکت در ورزش روبه‌رو هستند. ازاین‌رو، لازم است، برنامه‌ریزی و سازماندهی دقیق در زمینۀ ترویج و گسترش تربیت‌بدنی و ورزش در جامعه، بخصوص در بین دختران انجام پذیرد و اتخاذ راهکارهای مؤثر، انگیزۀ شرکت در فعالیت‌های ورزشی در دختران افزایش یابد.
 
 
چکیده بلند:
مقدمه
همان­ طور که در بیست سال گذشته موقعیت زنان و نقش­ های اجتماعی آنان به‌سرعت تغییر یافته، در عین حال آنها به‌طور فزاینده ­ای به فعالیت­ های ورزشی به‌منظور کسب سلامتی، اندامی متناسب و مشارکت­ های اجرایی رو آورده ­اند (رمضانی نژاد، 1388). متأسفانه در مسیر حرکت مشارکت ورزشی بانوان در کشور ما شاهد موانع بی‌شماری هستیم که این قشر مهم و سرنوشت‌ساز جامعه را از مشارکت ورزشی بازداشته و از عواید بی کرانی که می‌تواند نصیب آنان شود، بی‌نصیب می‌سازد؛ و صفحۀ موهبت‌های بی‌شمار مشارکت ورزشی را از سررسید زندگی روزمره آنان به دور می‌اندازد. تا آنجا که تحقیقات در مناطق محرومی مثل شهرستان چاراویماق اصلاً انجام نشده است و همین امر اهمیت و ضرورت تحقیق را کاملاً روشن می‌کند. به همین خاطر شناسایی و مطالعۀ موانع مشارکت ورزشی دختران مقطع تحصیلی دبیرستان، زمینۀ تلاش و توجه زیاد را به خود می ­طلبد. لذا، این پژوهش قصد دارد که موانع مشارکت ورزشی دانش ­آموزان دختر مقطع دبیرستان را در شهرستان‌های جنوب استان آذربایجان شرقی بسنجد.
 
روش تحقیق
پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف، کاربردی و از نظر ماهیت، از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی- پیمایشی است. جامعۀ آماری، کلیۀ دختران مقطع دبیرستان شهرستان‌های جنوب استان آذربایجان‌شرقی (4782 نفر) می ­باشد. حجم نمونۀ آماری با استفاده از فرمول کوکران برابر 381 نفر برآورد شد. پرسشنامۀ مورد استفاده شامل دو بخش می­ باشد. بخش اول، اطلاعات جمعیت‌شناختی و بخش دوم، پرسشنامۀ استاندارد مشارکت ورزشی دانش ­آموزان دیهیم (1390)، حاوی 25 سؤال در قالب 4 مؤلفه عوامل اقتصادی، عوامل اجتماعی و فرهنگی، عوامل و عوامل روانی)،می ­باشد. تجزیه­ و­تحلیل داده ­ها با استفاده از نرم­ افزار Spss21 برای آمار توصیفی و استنباطی به عمل آمد. در بخش آمار توصیفی به تجزیه ­و­تحلیل داده ­ها­ی ­جمعیت ­­شناختی، در بخش آمار استنباطی از آزمون­­ کلموگروف-اسمیرنوف جهت مشخص کردن نرمال بودن جامعۀ آماری و از آزمون­ تی تک ­نمونه ای برای آزمون فرضیه ­ها و نیز آزمون فریدمن جهت اولویت­ بندی عوامل استفاده شد.
 
یافته های تحقیق 
نتایج حاصل از آمار استنباطی نشان داد عوامل اقتصادی، عوامل اجتماعی- فرهنگی، عوامل جسمانی و عوامل روانی در مشارکت دانش ­آموزان دختر در فعالیت‌های ورزشی تأثیر دارد. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از آزمون رتبه ­بندی فریدمن نیز نشان داد، عوامل اقتصادی از بیشترین اهمیت برخوردار است. 
بحث و نتیجه گیری
به نظر می ­رسد با توجه به این­که وضعیت اقتصادی مردم شهرهای مدنظر به علت در حال حاضر، ورزش بانوان در شهرستان‌های جنوب استان آذربایجان‌شرقی با کمبودهای فراوانی ازجمله کمبود سالن های ورزشی ویژه­ی بانوان، نیروی انسانی و منابع اعتبار روبه ­رو است؛ بنابراین، به نظر می ­رسد کاهش شهریۀ اماکن ورزشی برای زنان، ایجاد مراکز و اماکن ورزشی رایگان حداقل برای دانش ­آموزان دختر از طرف ادارۀ آموزش‌وپرورش و هم­چنین همکاری تربیت‌بدنی آموزشگاه ­ها، مدیران و معلمان ورزش در مدارس و برگزاری مسابقات مختلف برای دانش ­آموزان دختر، به علاقه و رغبت آنان نسبت به ورزش خواهد افزود. ازاین‌رو، لازم است، برنامه‌ریزی و سازمان‌دهی دقیق درزمینۀ ترویج و گسترش تربیت‌بدنی و ورزش در جامعه، بخصوص در بین دختران انجام پذیرد و با اتخاذ راهکارهای مؤثر، انگیزۀ شرکت در فعالیت‌های ورزشی در بانوان افزایش یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the factors hindering the sports participation of high school girls (Case study: Southern cities of East Azerbaijan province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Yaqoub BadriAzarin 1
  • Hesein Khalilnezhad 2
  • Masoumeh Delshad 3
1 Associate Professor, Department of Sports Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
2 M.Sc., Department of Sports Management, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
3 Master, Department of Sports Management, Payame Noor University, Rey City Branch, Rey, Iran
چکیده [English]

The aim of this study is to determine the barriers to sports participation of high school girls. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of nature. The statistical population is all high school girls in the southern cities of East Azarbaijan province (4782 people). The statistical sample size was estimated to be 381 using the Cochran's formula. Data collection tools are library studies and questionnaires. The questionnaire used consists of two parts. The first part is the information of the population population and the second part is the standard questionnaire of the sports participation of the students of Dehim (2011). Data analysis was performed using Spss21 software for descriptive and inferential statistics. In the descriptive statistics section, demographic and analytical data were used, in the inferential statistics section, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the normality of the statistical population and the T-test was used to test the hypotheses and Friedmann test was used to prioritize the factors. The results of inferential statistics showed that economic factors, socio-cultural factors, physical factors and psychological factors affect the participation of female students in sports activities; And economic factors are most important. As a result, girls face a number of deterrents to participating in sports. Therefore, it is necessary to plan and organize carefully in the field of promoting and expanding physical education and sports in society, especially among girls, and to adopt effective strategies to increase the motivation to participate in sports activities for girls.
 
Long Abstract
Introduction
As women’s status and social roles have changed rapidly over the past twenty years, they have increasingly turned to sports for health, fitness, and executive participation (Ramezani Nejhad, 2010). Unfortunately, in our country, we see numerous obstacles in the way of women's sports participation, which prevent this important and crucial segment of society from participating in sports and deprive them of the infinite income that can be earned; and take away the countless blessings of sports participation from their daily lives. Since no research has been done at all in deprived areas such as Charoimagh city, this makes clear the importance and necessity of the research. For this reason, identifying and studying the barriers to sports participation of high school girls requires a lot of effort and attention. Therefore, this study intends to assess the barriers to sports participation of female high school students in the southern cities of East Azerbaijan province.
Research Methods
The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey research in terms of nature. The statistical population is all high school girls in the southern cities of East Azerbaijan province (4782 people). The statistical sample size was estimated to be 381 using Cochran's formula. The used questionnaire consists of two parts. The first part is demographic information and the second part is the standard questionnaire of sports participation of Deyhim students (2011), containing 25 questions in the form of 4 components of economic factors, social and cultural factors and psychological factors. Data analysis was performed using Spss21 software for descriptive and inferential statistics. In the descriptive statistics section, analysis of demographic data; in the inferential statistics section, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to determine the normality of the statistical population; a sample t-test to test hypotheses and he Friedman test to prioritize factors were used.
Research Findings
The results of inferential statistics showed that economic factors, socio-cultural factors, physical factors and psychological factors affect the participation of female students in sports activities. The results of the Friedman ranking test also showed that economic factors are the most important.
Conclusion
At present, it seems that the economic situation of the people and women's sports in the southern cities of East Azerbaijan Province is facing many shortcomings, including the lack of special gyms for women, manpower and reliable resources. Therefore, it seems that the reduction of tuition fees for sports facilities for women, the establishment of free sports centers and facilities, at least for female students by the Department of Education, as well as the cooperation of physical education schools, principals and sports teachers and managers in schools and holding various competitions for Female students will increase their interest in sports. It is necessary to carefully plan and organize the promotion and expansion of physical education and sports in the community, especially among girls and by adopting effective strategies, increase the motivation of women to participate in sports activities.
reference
-      Elliott, Sam; Bevan, Nadia and Litchfield, Catherine. (2019). Parents, girls’ and Australian football: a constructivist grounded theory for attracting and retaining participation. Qualitative research in sport, exercise and health
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کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Preventive Factors
  • Physical Factors
  • Psychological Factors
  • Cultural Factors
  • Sports Participation

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 22 شهریور 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 17 آذر 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 24 آذر 1399

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