بررسی ابعاد فساد و ناهنجاری حاکم بر ورزش قهرمانی

The aim of this study was to investigate the dimensions of corruption and anomalies in Iranian championship sports. The research method was descriptive-applied which was mixed and in two stages including; corruption was identified in terms of areas related to championship sports and the components of corruption. The statistical population of the study included all 250 managers of federations and sports clubs, coaches and players of professional league clubs, international referees, members of the media active in the field of championship sports and some sports experts in the championship sports sector. The research sample consisted of 150 people who were selected by available sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 46 questions in a 6-point Likert scale among championship sport stakeholders was used to collect the required data. data were analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling using SPSS19 and PLS23 software. Findings showed that socio-cultural variables had the first priority and economic and political variables had the highest impact on sports corruption. Also, the highest rank of sports corruption forms was related to doping and collusion and the lowest rank was related to alcohol consumption and illicit relations. Due to the favorable fit of the conceptual model of corruption, the effectiveness of the studied variables was reported to be good. Also, due to the high intensity of the coefficients of the effect of cultural, social, economic and political factors in the research, it can be said that this dimension has a high role in corruption or vice versa in its prevention and can precede other dimensions in the center.
Introduction
Since the treatment of any disease requires accurate knowledge, if we consider the process of combating sports corruption to include the stages of disease diagnosis and then prevention and treatment, the importance and necessity of pathological studies to develop policies and strategies in accordance with domestic and local conditions. , Will be quite obvious (Kushki et al., 2020). Sports corruption is not a unified and focused force that can be viewed superficially and uniformly and controlled by a one-dimensional solution, but requires the use of a holistic and multidimensional approach (Ghanbari et al., 2019). Therefore, in spite of the existence of many professional athletes and the existence of scientific and experimental infrastructures in different sports, there are wide and different dimensions of corruption in the professional sports of the country, and the study of this issue is of special importance. Is. On the other hand, due to the fact that there is very little research in this field in Iran, the need for extensive and comprehensive research in the country is felt in various aspects. Therefore, the main question of the present study is how the dimensions of corruption and anomalies manifest in championship sports?
 
Methodology
The method of the present study was descriptive-applied which included; Corruption was identified quantitatively in terms of areas related to championship sports and the components of corruption were determined. Accordingly, while studying numerous scientific articles related to the subject of research and interviews with professors of sports management and sociology of sports, to prepare a list of the most relevant and well-known variables in the field of corruption in world and national championship sports that the most repetition and emphasis in The articles were reviewed and after receiving the expert opinion of professors of sports management and experts in the field of championship sports, a research questionnaire was designed to collect data. An attempt has been made to consider the different political dimensions, cultural and social conditions in accordance with the Iranian society in compiling the questionnaire. To collect the required data, a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 46 questions in a 6-point Likert scale was used among championship sport stakeholders. This questionnaire has 7 dimensions of corruption (including; economic and political, cultural and social, legal and legal, structural and managerial, educational and training, behavioral and moral, media and communication) and 7 forms of corruption (including; doping, collusion, Drug use, illicit acquisition of property, the prevalence of superstition (including magic, alcohol consumption, illicit relationships).
 
Analysis of findings
Based on the results, it is possible to identify and evaluate the priority and severity of the components affecting corruption in championship sports. As can be seen, in relation to the components of corruption, the first priority is with the cultural and social component and the last priority is with the media-communication component. It is also possible to identify and evaluate the priority and severity of corruption in championship sports. As can be seen, in relation to forms of corruption, the first priority is with doping and the last priority is with illegitimate relations.
 
 
 
 
 
After examining the fit of measurement models, it is time to fit the structural model of the research. In the structural model section, unlike measurement models, it does not deal with questions (explicit variables) and only hidden variables with their relationships are examined. In addition, in the present study, the most widely used criteria have been used to fit the structural model. These criteria are; the coefficient of significance (t-values) is the coefficient of determination (R2) and the coefficient of predictive power (Q2). Also, several criteria were used to evaluate the fit of the structural model of the research. The first and most basic criterion is the significance coefficients of t or the values ​​of t-values, which only show the accuracy of the relationship and do not indicate the intensity of the relationship between variables. Can be measured with it. Figure 2 shows the model for t-values.
 
Conclusion
The aim of this study was to investigate the dimensions of corruption and anomalies in championship sports. Sports corruption varies from country to country and even between parts of the country. Countries are trying to analyze the current situation and situation with a holistic, all-encompassing and systematic view and to respond to the most important and fundamental questions about corruption effectively and appropriately, relying on their capabilities. Studies in this field can identify various dimensions and forms of sports corruption, and provide practical and practical solutions to combat sports decision-makers in the field of sports. According to the research results, the weakness of moral beliefs and human values, reducing the level of conscience and social discipline in society, increasing individualism, inconsistency between values ​​and ways to achieve them, dominance of relationships over criteria, weak organizational culture among managers and employees, culture Intra-organizational loyalty, the spread and perpetuation of corruption, and the weakness of social control are all problems of a society that inevitably transfer from society to clubs and the level of championship sports and related organizations and cause pollution and corruption. On the other hand, economic corruption causes discrimination in society, inequality between classes of society, which destroys the motivation and hope for the future in the hearts of people who have done healthy work for years. Also, the structure of any organization is anti-corruption in any case, in addition to its specific organizational culture, it can provide a nested structure for direct and indirect supervision. It should be noted that the volume of government and government institutions is much larger than necessary and it seems that it is better to reduce the volume of government and government institutions in different ways and remove unnecessary bodies of each institution from its organization and merge parallel institutions. Also, due to the cultural differences of individuals in each organization, some researchers have referred to the issue of education to reduce corruption. Because education has been cited as the foundation of development, in fact, research shows that most moral deviations and behavioral crimes in adults are the result of poor parenting and parenting in the early years of life. On the other hand, the role of the media in corruption is in fact a two-way role that can play both a facilitator and a full-fledged fighter and whistleblower. Therefore, in many countries, the media is used as the watchdog of institutions, but only if the media itself is not involved in pollution in sports or any club or organization.
 
References
-     Mohammad Hossein Mirza RahKoushki M H, Zarei A, Khodayari A. (2020), Designing Health System Development Action Plan. Physical Education and Sport Approach. 3. 2020; 8 (28) :23-39.
-     Ghorbani MH, Mohammadi E, Zareiyan H. (2019), Develop a model for managing corruption in Iranian sports. New Journal in Sports Management. 7(26):121-138. [Persian].